Did you know that cancer can be caused by sexually transmitted infections? While oral cancers caused due to alcohol and smoking are decreasing, an overall rise in cases of cancer have occurred. This rise is restricted to tumours caused by an infection of a virus known as Human Papilloma Virus or HPV that occurs behind the mouth (oropharynx). While smoking-related cancers occur in age group of 50-70 years, HPV-related tumours occur in young people.
Various lifestyle factors such as sexual habits, oral hygiene, intake of fruits and vegetables and weight can increase the risk of cancer. It has been found that with more lifetime and oral sex partners, there is an increased risk of cancer of the back of the mouth.
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer is crucial for early detection and treatment. Common symptoms include a sore throat that doesn’t go away despite treatment, difficulty or pain while swallowing, unexplained pain in one ear, a lump or swelling in the neck.
While it may not be possible to eliminate the risk of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk. Practice safe sex by using condoms or dental dams during oral, vaginal, and anal sex. This can reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Limiting the number of sexual partners can lower the risk of HPV infection. HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil and Cervarix, can prevent infection with high-risk HPV. Vaccination is most effective when administered before the onset of sexual activity, ideally during adolescence. Smoking not only increases the risk of other types of head and neck cancers but may also exacerbate the effects of HPV infection.
Early detection is key to improving the treatment outcomes. Treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor and affected lymph nodes, radiation, chemotherapy and drugs that specifically target cancer cells with certain genetic mutations may be used in combination with other treatments.
By raising awareness about the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options, we can empower individuals to take proactive steps to protect their health. Regular screenings and adopting healthy lifestyle habits are essential in the fight against this preventable cancer. If you have any concerns or notice any unusual symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for guidance and support.
The expert team led by Dr. Satish Nair at Apollo Hospitals Bannerghatta, Bangalore, offer the right diagnosis, treatment, and counselling to prevent and treat oral and head and neck cancer. Book your appointment today.
